Nushrat Bharucha began her film career in 2006 with 'Jai Santoshi Maa' and then the 2009 film Kal Kissne Dekha. Her next release was Dibakar Banerjee's suspense film Love Sex Aur Dhokha. In 2011, she appeared in Luv Ranjan's buddy drama Pyaar Ka Punchnama, featuring an ensemble cast in which she was cast opposite Kartik Aaryan. None of these films performed well both critically and commercially.

In 2018, Bharucha reunited with Aaryan and Nijar in Ranjan's Sonu Ke Titu Ki Sweety, a romantic comedy about a man who tries to separate his friend from his fiancée as he thinks her to be a gold digger. Despite receiving mixed reviews from critics, Sonu Ke Titu Ki Sweety proved to be a blockbuster with domestic earnings of over ₹1.07 billion , and became Bharucha's first release to enter the 100 Crore Club. It emerged as one of her most successful as well.

In the next year, Bharucha played Ayushmann Khurrana's romantic interest in Raaj Shaandilyaa's comedy film Dream Girl. It received generally positive reviews from critics. Dream Girl grossed ₹1 billion  at the domestic box office within 10 days of its release becoming Bharucha's second consecutive film to cross the mark of 100 Crore Club with a worldwide gross of over ₹1.9 billion , it also emerged as her highest-grossing release. Also that year, she performed an item number "Peeyo Datt Ke" in the Milap Zaveri-directed thriller Marjaavaan sung by Yo Yo Honey Singh.

As of July 2019, Bharucha has finished work on Hansal Mehta's social film Chhalaang, in which she is paired opposite Rajkummar Rao for the second time, and has been filming Nikhil Nagesh Tiwari's romantic thriller Hurdang opposite Sunny Kaushal and Vijay Varma